Production process of lithium carbonate in rotary kiln
Description:
Conversion roasting: spodumene concentrate is manually sent from the concentrate warehouse to the bucket elevator and lifted to the concentrate warehouse, and then added to the tail of the lithium carbonate rotary kilnthrough the disc feeder and screw feeder. The concentrate is dried by using the high temperature gas in the preheating section of the kiln tail. The concentrate is transformed into β spodumene from α type (monoclinic system, density 3150kg / m3) at a temperature of about 1200 ℃ in the calcining section( Tetragonal system, with a density of 2400KG / m3, i.e. baking material), and a conversion rate of about 98%.
Conversion roasting: spodumene concentrate is manually sent from the concentrate warehouse to the bucket elevator and lifted to the concentrate warehouse, and then added to the tail of the lithium carbonate rotary kilnthrough the disc feeder and screw feeder. The concentrate is dried by using the high temperature gas in the preheating section of the kiln tail. The concentrate is transformed into β spodumene from α type (monoclinic system, density 3150kg / m3) at a temperature of about 1200 ℃ in the calcining section( Tetragonal system, with a density of 2400KG / m3, i.e. baking material), and a conversion rate of about 98%.
Introduction
Conversion roasting: spodumene concentrate is manually sent from the concentrate warehouse to the bucket elevator and lifted to the concentrate warehouse, and then added to the tail of the lithium carbonate rotary kiln through the disc feeder and screw feeder. The concentrate is dried by using the high temperature gas in the preheating section of the kiln tail. The concentrate is transformed into β spodumene from α type (monoclinic system, density 3150kg / m3) at a temperature of about 1200 ℃ in the calcining section( Tetragonal system, with a density of 2400KG / m3, i.e. baking material), and a conversion rate of about 98%.Specification
Production process of lithium carbonate in rotary kiln① Baking section
Conversion roasting: spodumene concentrate is manually sent from the concentrate warehouse to the bucket elevator and lifted to the concentrate warehouse, and then added to the tail of the lithium carbonate rotary kiln through the disc feeder and screw feeder. The concentrate is dried by using the high temperature gas in the preheating section of the kiln tail. The concentrate is transformed into β spodumene from α type (monoclinic system, density 3150kg / m3) at a temperature of about 1200 ℃ in the calcining section( Tetragonal system, with a density of 2400KG / m3, i.e. baking material), and a conversion rate of about 98%.
Acidizing roasting: after cooling in the cooling section, the baked material is discharged from the kiln head, then it is finely ground to 0.074mm by natural cooling and ball mill, and then it is transported to the tailing bin of acidizing roasting kiln, and then it is added to the acid mixer by feeder and screw conveyor, and mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid (more than 93%) in a certain proportion (concentrated sulfuric acid is calculated as 35% of lithium equivalent surplus in the baked material, and each ton of baked material needs concentrated sulfuric acid of about 0.21t) After that, the β - spodumene in the calciner reacts with sulfuric acid, and the hydrogen ion in the acid displaces the lithium ion in the β - spodumene, so that the Li2O and SO42 - in the calciner can be combined into water-soluble Li2SO4, and the acidizing clinker can be obtained.
Slurry mixing, leaching and washing: the clinker is cooled and slurried to make the soluble lithium sulfate in the clinker dissolve into the liquid phase. In order to reduce the corrosion of the solution to the leaching equipment, the residual acid in the clinker is neutralized with limestone slurry, the pH value is adjusted to 6.5-7.0, and most impurities such as iron and aluminum are removed at the same time. The ratio of leached liquid to solid is about 2.5, and the leaching time is about 0.5h. Li2SO4 100g / L (Li2O 27g / L) is obtained by filtering and separating the Li2SO4 slurry, and the filter cake is the leaching residue, with a moisture content of about 35%. In order to reduce the loss of lithium, the leached residue is washed by reverse agitation, and the washing solution is returned to the slurry for leaching.
Leaching solution purification: in addition to alkali metal and sulfuric acid, other iron, aluminum, calcium and magnesium react with sulfuric acid to produce corresponding sulfates. Although some impurities in clinker can be removed in the leaching process, the remaining impurities remain in the leaching solution, which needs to be further purified to ensure the product quality. The leaching solution is purified by alkalization and calcium removal, and alkalization of the leaching solution with alkalizing agent lime milk (containing cao100-150g / L). The pH value is increased to 11-12, and magnesium and iron are hydrolyzed to hydroxide precipitation. Then sodium carbonate solution (containing Na2CO3 300g / L) is used to react with calcium sulfate to produce calcium carbonate precipitation, so as to remove the calcium in the leaching solution and the calcium brought by the alkaline lime milk. After the liquid-solid separation of the alkaline calcium removal slurry, the obtained solution is the purified solution, and the calcium lithium ratio is less than 9.6 × 10-4. The filter cake is the calcium residue, which is returned to the pulp mixing for leaching. Evaporation and concentration of purification solution: due to the low concentration of lithium sulfate and low precipitation rate of lithium, the purification solution can not be directly used for lithium precipitation or lithium chloride production. First, adjust the purification solution to ph6-6.5 with sulfuric acid, and then evaporate and concentrate it with three effect evaporator, so that the concentration of lithium sulfate in the concentration solution can reach 200g / L (including Li2O 60g / L). After the concentrated solution is separated by pressure filtration, the filtrate is the finished solution for the next process, and the filter cake is the finished residue, which is returned to the slurry mixing for leaching.
② Lithium carbonate production section
The finished solution and soda ash solution (including Na2CO3 300g / L) are added to the evaporation lithium sink for evaporation lithium sink (constant temperature 2h after boiling). Due to the low solubility of lithium carbonate, the lithium precipitation rate is about 85%. After lithium precipitation, the primary coarse lithium carbonate (containing filtrate less than 10%) and primary lithium precipitation mother liquor were separated by centrifuge while hot. The mother liquor of primary lithium precipitation contains a large amount of sodium sulfate and higher lithium sulfate (about 15% of the total). The secondary coarse product and secondary mother liquor are obtained by adding soda ash solution (including Na2CO3 300g / L) for secondary lithium precipitation. The mother liquor is neutralized by acid, adjusted by sodium hydroxide pH, and then the by-product anhydrous sodium sulfate and mother liquor of sodium analysis are separated by evaporation crystallization and centrifugation. The anhydrous sodium sulfate is dried by air flow and packaged as by-product sodium sulphate. The mother liquor of sodium analysis is returned to the primary mother liquor. The first coarse lithium carbonate and the second coarse attachment liquid contain Na2SO4 and other impurities, and then they are stirred and washed with purified water at about 90 ℃. The washing liquid is sent to alkali preparation. After washing, the wet fine lithium carbonate is separated by centrifuge while it is hot, and then dried by far-infrared dryer. After magnetic separation, the iron wire scraps and other sundries dropped by the dryer are removed. Finally, they are crushed by air flow, packed and put into storage.
The project mainly increases the production capacity of battery grade lithium carbonate. From the perspective of overall production process, battery grade lithium carbonate and industrial grade lithium carbonate are basically the same. The difference lies in the different process control conditions of evaporation and lithium deposition, i.e. the specific gravity of the finished solution is determined by hydrometer when the purified solution is evaporated and concentrated, and the Li2O concentration in the finished solution is determined by flame photometer to ensure that the finished solution end-point concentration is within the range of process requirements; the electromagnetic method is used when lithium deposition The flowmeter displays the different opening of the regulating valve to control the feeding speed, and the motor speed is adjusted by the frequency converter to control the mixing speed of the agitator. The above process control conditions are all key technologies of the company.
③ Anhydrous lithium chloride section
After the reaction, CaSO4 • 2H2O was separated and sent to process to produce CaSO4 product. After separation, the dilute solution of LiCl is obtained. β - active Al2O3, Na2CO3 and NaOH are added in turn to remove SO42 -, Ca2 +, Mg2 + and other impurities in the dilute solution of LiCl. After evaporation and concentration, the concentration of LiCl is increased to 400-500g / L, and then it is cooled and filtered to separate solid NaCl to obtain the concentrated solution of LiCl. LiCl concentrated solution was transported to the refined kettle and added to the refined agent (proprietary technology, inorganic component, no toxic and harmful heavy metals) and Na+ to replace the reaction. The ratio of Na+/LiCl in the end point of the reaction was controlled less than 30ppm. After separation, the LiCl finished liquid was obtained. Finally, the liquid was dried by spray drying to obtain the even water free lithium chloride product. 2. Main equipment list of lithium carbonate production line with annual output of 5000 tons.
Technical
Equipment name | Specification | number |
Ball mill | Ø1.83×6.4m | 1 |
Cooler | Ø2.8/2.5×25m | 1 |
Cooler | Ø2.4×18m | 1 |
Rotary kiln | Ø2.8×50m | 1 |
Acidizing kiln | Ø2.6×25m | 1 |
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